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An Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram is a visual representation of entities and their relationships in a database. Entities : Entities are the objects. They are usually represented by rectangles in an ER diagram. Each entity has attributes that describe its characteristics. Relationships : Relationships represent how entities are related to each other. They are typically depicted by lines connecting entities, with labels indicating the nature of the relationship. Relationships can be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many. Example : Let's consider a simple example of a library database: Entities of Library Database : 1. Book : enity can include attributes like ISBN, title, author, and publication year. 2. Author : enity can include attributes like author ID, name. 3. Member : enity can include attributes like member ID, name, address, and contact information. Relationships : 1. Book-Author Relationship : Each book is authored by one or more authors, and an author ca...